The role of a genetically stable, novel oral type 2 poliovirus vaccine in the poliomyelitis endgame

The role of a genetically stable, novel oral type 2 poliovirus vaccine in the poliomyelitis endgame

Blog Article

Poliovirus infection causes paralysis in up to 1 in 200 infected persons.The use of safe and effective inactivated poliovirus vaccines and live attenuated oral poliovirus vaccines (OPVs) means that only two pockets of wildtype poliovirus type 1 remain, in Afghanistan and Pakistan.However, OPVs can revert to virulence, causing outbreaks of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV).During 2020–2022, cVDPV type 2 (cVDPV2) was responsible for 97–99% of poliomyelitis cases, mainly in Africa.

Between January and August 2022, cVDPV2 was detected in sewage samples in Israel, the United Kingdom and the United States of America, where a case of acute flaccid surfboard paralysis caused by cVDPV2 also occurred.The Pan American Health Organization has warned that Brazil, the Dominican Republic, Haiti and Peru are at 3 Piece King Poster Bed very high risk for the reintroduction of poliovirus and an additional eight countries in Latin America are at high risk, following dropping vaccination rates (average 80% coverage in 2022).Sabin type 2 monovalent OPV has been used to control VDPV2 outbreaks, but its use could also lead to outbreaks.To address this issue, a more genetically stable, novel OPV2 (nOPV2) was developed against cVDPV2 and in 2020 was granted World Health Organization Emergency Use Listing.

Rolling out a novel vaccine under the Emergency Use Listing in mass settings to contain outbreaks requires unique local regulatory and operational preparedness.